A review on utilizing nanofluid in solar collectors: modeling, materials, challenges, and applications

Document Type : Reviews Articles.

Authors

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena 83521, Egypt

2 Faculty of Industry and Energy Technology, New Cairo Technological University, Cairo 11835, Egypt.

3 Faculty of Technological Industry and Energy, Thebes Technological University, Thebes, Luxor, 85863, Egypt

Abstract

Solar energy is a clean, sustainable, and renewable alternative energy source that offers a promising solution to global energy challenges. Solar collectors are one of the most effective technologies for harnessing solar energy, particularly for heating applications. Among the various types, flat plate solar collectors stand out due to their simple design, affordability, and widespread use. However, despite their advantages, these collectors suffer from efficiency limitations that need to be addressed to maximize their potential. In recent years, nanofluids—suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids—have shown considerable promise in enhancing the thermal performance of flat plate solar collectors. This review explores the latest developments in flat plate solar collector technology, focusing on design innovations, mathematical modeling, and the role of nanofluids in improving heat transfer efficiency. Additionally, the review addresses the key challenges of using nanofluids, such as stability, cost, and potential environmental impacts, and discusses their applications across various industries. The findings conclude that while nanofluids significantly enhance collector efficiency, more research is needed to ensure long-term stability and cost-effectiveness, paving the way for future advancements in solar energy technology.

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